By investing in virtualization software, a small Maine liberal arts college eliminated about one-third of its physical servers and sidestepped about $356,000 for new systems, even as it added enterprise applications. The server consolidation at Bowdoin College, in Brunswick, Maine, grew out of a limited test of ESX Server, virtualization software from EMC subsidiary VMware. Initially, the IT group wanted to use the software to create virtual servers that could be dedicated to testing new or upgraded applications before they were deployed in full production mode.

Two years ago the IT group launched a trial deployment. The ESX software acts in effect as the operating system on the “bare metal” of the blade servers: It’s in charge of the physical computing resources — CPU cycles, memory, disk space, etc. — and allocates these in response to the demands of the applications. The applications run in what are called virtual machines, self-contained software bubbles with a claim to the underlying CPU resources on the blade.

“It’s kind of like the old mainframe model, where each user’s job got a slice of the CPU’s time,” says Tim Antonowicz, Bowdoin’s systems administrator. “VMware ESX Server does the same thing with the virtual machines: It drops a VM onto the blade server hardware, runs the cycles it needs and then [drops on] the next one, cycling through all of them.” The virtual machines are exploiting what previously would have been idle CPU cycles. As Bowdoin discovered, applications now can run on fewer physical servers. New virtual machines can be created within minutes or allocated additional virtual memory or disk space with a few mouse clicks. A new application can be safely tested, or an old one modified, on one or more dedicated virtual machines and then deployed quickly to a production virtual machine.

These virtualization virtues became apparent in late 2004, as Bowdoin’s infrastructure was stretched to the limit. The small data center was jammed, with five racks of servers. Many of them sat idle for most of the day: The public safety department had a dedicated server to handle traffic tickets, which was used at most a few times each day, Antonowicz says. At the same time, Mitchell Davis, the college’s first CIO, was planning to rewire the entire campus with fiber for Gigabit Ethernet and to deploy major application upgrades to serve about 1,600 students, 179 faculty and 600 staff.